A.Interactions of the electrostatic bond.  An attractive impetus between electrons is manifested when their criton swirls are oriented as they would be when electrons are traveling in opposite directions. [(o) – out of page, (x) – into page.]  Since maximum attraction occurs when alignment is “perfect”, the interactions between electrons tend to align the directions of travel of each other so that they are oppositely directed.

B.Magnet approaching a loop.  A magnetic field moving toward a loop of a conductor exerts a directional impetus on the electron drift within the conductor.  The conductor loop is immersed in the field. The approaching field creates a field strength advantage for the approaching side.  For a conductor fashioned in the shape of a disk, the electron drift would express itself as eddy currents.  If relative motion stops, the field strength becomes essentially uniform for individual electrons within the environment of a conductor.

C.A rectangular loop moving through a magnetic field.  Loop is perpendicular to the field (x) that is entering the page.  Field contact on the approaching side experiences an engagement advantage.  When the loop is uniformly immersed in the field, no EMF is induced.  Although movement tends to induce a directional electron drift, the leading and trailing sides of the loop counter balance a net effect upon electron drift.  As one side emerges from the field, a current is induced.